Global Investment Grade for Natural and Synthetic Gems used in Financial Investments and Commercial Trading and Method of Creating Standardized Baskets of Gems to be used in Financial and Commercial Products

ABSTRACT

A process to create a fungible global standard for diamonds and gemstones. The process involves grouping diamonds in an investment standard according to their gemological, proportional, optical and light behavior characteristics. Diamonds that conform to the investment grade standard are interchangeable within a specific size range according to an equivalent monetary bundling process. Diamonds subjected to the standard conform to a holistic set of gemological, proportional, optical and light characteristic requirements that enables diamonds to be classified into a extraordinarily homogeneous, visually indistinguishable and highly fungible group which can be used to create baskets of diamonds to form an index/benchmark for diamond pricing, financial instruments, and a standard that can be used for certifying diamonds as investment grade to insure quality.

The instant application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/413,276, entitled “Global Investment Grade for Natural andSynthetic Gems used in Financial Investments and Commercial Trading andMethod of Creating Standardized Baskets of Gems to be Used in Financialand Commercial Products” filed on Mar. 27, 2009, which applicationclaims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/072,326filed on Mar. 27, 2008 and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/089,204 filed on Aug. 15, 2008, and the entirety of each applicationis incorporated herein by reference.

The invention relates in general to a method of standardization ofnatural or synthetic gems (diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds) inorder to enable the delivery of a standardized, fungible and certifiedglobal investment grade gem to be used in financial and commercialproducts. The invention also relates to a standardized basket of gemscreated using the inventive method. The standardized basket of gems maybe used in financial products such as futures contracts, options,exchange-traded funds or any other regulated or unregulated financialvehicle.

The invention also relates to an exchange-traded fund comprising acollection of any number of precious gems (diamonds, rubies, sapphiresand emeralds), wherein the gems are stored with one or more custodiansin exchange for one or more creation units; wherein each creation unitrepresents a plurality of shares of the fund; and wherein each creationunit is redeemable for an amount of the collection equal to the netasset value of the creation unit plus interest and less fund expenses.Also disclosed is a closed end fund comprising: one or more gemcollection instruments; and the distribution of shares of the fund toone or more investors, wherein the shares of the fund have a net assetvalue based on a combination of prices of the one or more gemcollections from a plurality of sources and a cash component or otherstore of value, and wherein interest earned on the short-term interestbearing instrument of the cash component less expenses are paid out tothe one or more investors as a dividend.

The invention also includes using future contracts based on thestandardized basket of gems as the deliverable.

The invention also includes a method for converting gems includingdiamonds to shares of a fund tradable on a secondary market. Thesecondary market may be regulated or unregulated, over the counter orany other venue that brings buyers and sellers together to trade forexample futures, options, equities, or any other financial instrument.

The invention also includes a standard for investment grade gems and themethod of generating the standard. The invention also includes aninvestment grade diamond index and on investment grade diamond benchmarkthat may be used with financial instruments.

One aspect of the invention is directed to a standardized basket of gemssuch as diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds, but will describedbelow in detail using diamonds as the exemplar. It should be understoodthat the invention described herein is also applicable to a standardizedbasket of any combination of diamonds, rubies, sapphires and emeralds.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Diamonds represent an important commodity with an annual worldproduction value of approximately $13 billion with another $63 billionin annual global sales of diamond jewelry. Roughly 49% of diamondsoriginate in central and southern Africa with significant sourcesdiscovered in Canada, India, Russia, Brazil and Australia. Historically,the De Beers Group has held the distinction of the world's largesdiamond miner. De Beers maintains an estimated 35-45% market share buttheir dominance is muted in recent years resulting in increasingcompetition. Some 80% of rough diamonds pass through Antwerp whileapproximately 80% of the finished products are sold in the U.S. Some 26registered diamond bourses comprise the World Federation of DiamondBourses where wholesalers and retailers may buy gems and subsequentlyprepare them for final retail sale. Diamond prices vary as a function ofthe gem's weight (measured in carats), color, clarity, cut and shapeamong others, as well as dynamic market factors. They are assayed andvalued largely by automated, rather than manual, methods. TheGemological Institute of America (GIA) is a recognized organization thatgrades diamonds. But there is no structured derivatives market either onan over-the-counter (OTC) or exchange-traded basis for diamonds today.

In the past, products such as oil, gold, and corn, have beencommoditized and standardized for trading. Diamonds have not, primarilyfor the reason that many would argue that each diamond is unique andimpossible to commoditize because it has been observed that diamondswith identical gemological characteristics look entirely different fromeach other. Some of these diamonds with identical gemologicalcharacteristics look more spectacular than others due to the way thatthese diamonds are cut (cut quality). These visual differences typicallyfuel the argument that diamonds cannot be standardized because ofpricing discrepancies between gemologically identical diamonds withvisible visual differences.

One aspect of the present invention combines gemological and objectiveanalysis of the diamonds, particularly with respect to light and opticalbehavior, and thereby eliminates these visual discrepancies and producesa fungible standard for classifying diamonds that can be used tosecuritize or commoditize diamonds. Diamonds bundled under the presentinvention would not only be gemologically identical, but also exhibitsubstantially identical optical characteristics such that they would bevisually indistinguishable by anyone. Thus, consistent pricingconsiderations for fungibility can be utilized. Alternatively, theinvention can also be used to bundle gemologically dissimilar diamondswith substantially similar monetary values to create standardizedfungible baskets. In another alternative, the invention is directed to abasket and method of creating a basket of different gems (i.e., acombination of any of 1 or more collections of diamonds, rubies,sapphires and emeralds) with each created basket having a substantiallyequivalent monetary value.

In brief, one embodiment of the invention would be a method forstandardizing a collection of diamonds. Another embodiment of theinvention includes a method of trading a commoditized basket ofdiamonds. Yet another embodiment of the invention is simply a basket offungible commoditized diamonds. Still another embodiment of theinvention is an Exchange Traded Fund (“ETF”) comprised of a standardizedbasket of diamonds and a cash component. Still another embodiment of theinvention are future contracts, equity products, options and otherderivative products based on standardized basket of diamonds createdunder the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an example of a GIA Diamond Grading Report ;

FIG. 2 is an illustration of exemplary Screen shots from a Gemex LightPerformance analysis;

FIG. 3A and 3B are illustrations of examples of the Hearts and Arrowsthat appear in a diamond that passes the optical symmetry analysis ofthe present invention illustrating the Hearts and Arrows that arevisible;

FIG. 4A and 4B are an illustration of the Hearts and Arrows analysis ofa diamond having the same gemological characteristics as FIGS. 3A and3B, but which does not meet the Hearts and Arrows test.

FIG. 5 is a chart illustrating groupings of commercially availablediamonds selected using the claimed invention;

FIG. 6 is a sampling of commercially available diamonds that meet thegemological standards and the objective optical standards of the presentinvention;

FIG. 7 is a flow chart of the Trust and the transactions associated withthe sale and creation of the ETF made in accordance with the presentinvention;

FIG. 8A-C are a series of charts illustrating the numerous requirementsfor the Value Equivalent Bundling Concept in accordance with the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, a preferred exemplaryembodiment of the method for creating a standardized basket of diamondsis described below. Although the preferred embodiment is directed todiamonds, the invention is not limited to diamonds, but should beunderstood to include all precious gems including rubies, sapphires,emeralds as well as synthetic diamonds. The standardized gem diamondcollection of the present invention which may be used in any financialinstrument is created using gemological and optical standards as well asmarket factors to identify appropriate diamonds for inclusion in thestandardized basket in the following manner. It should be understoodthat variations in the creation of the standardized basket may be used,such as for example, the size of the diamonds, the number of thediamonds, and the value of comparable diamonds may be adjusted and stillfall within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Initially, the diamonds (or other gems) selected for use in astandardized collection must meet a minimum gemological standard. Thegemological standard would require that every single diamond that can beincluded in the standardized collection must eventually conform to thefollowing gemological identification requirements:

All natural polished diamonds must be evaluated and identified by itsgemological classifications. These include:

-   -   1. Color,    -   2. Clarity (including a plot plan of its inclusion and natural        characteristics),    -   3. Carat weight,    -   4. Shape,    -   5. Cut Grade,    -   6. Measurements,    -   7. General proportions,    -   8. Finish,    -   9. Fluorescence,    -   10. Surface Characteristics,    -   11. Culet.

These characteristics will be classified using GIA Diamond GradingReports of the Gemological Institute of America. All fundamentalgemological information known as the 4′C's (color, clarity, caratweight, cut) should be provided by a GIA Diamond Grading Report. Anexample of a report is shown in FIG. 1. GIA grading standards are wellknown in the industry and are the preferred gemological gradingstandards for the present invention. However, other recognizedgemological grading standards may also be used so long as thecharacteristics are substantially similar to the standards used by theGIA or can be correlated thereto. Gemological grading standards forother types of gems such as rubies, sapphires and emeralds may also beused.

Gemological Requirements for diamonds that will be part of thestandardized basket of diamonds and may be used in financial instrumentsmust meet the following requirements:

Color: The diamonds must meet the GIA standards of or equivalent to D toJ.

Clarity: The diamonds must meet the GIA standards of or equivalent to IFto SII. Absolutely no milky or cloudy material should be present.“Clarity based on cloud that are not shown” types are not acceptable fortrading. In addition, no weak or borderline ratings are acceptable.

Carat weight: Preferred ranges will be limited to 0.50 to 2.20 carats.It is, however, within the spirit of the invention to use differentranges of diamond sizes to create a basket so long as the range isconsistent. These would include for example, very large stones (i.e.,greater than 3 carats), very small stones (less than 0.25 carats), aswell as rough stones.

Shape: The diamonds should be generic round brilliant cut with 57 to 58facets.

Cut Grade: The cut should meet the GIA “Excellent” rating, but mayinclude a “Very Good” rating as well.

Measurements: All measurements should be made in millimeter scale.

General proportions: The general proportions of the diamond must be inthe

“Excellent” range.

Finish Polish: The diamond must meet an “Excellent” to “Very Good”rating.

Symmetry: The diamond must meet an “Excellent” to “Very Good” rating.

Fluorescence: The diamond must be graded showing none or faint, but insome instances may possibly include medium blue.

Surface Characteristics: The diamonds must not have any naturalunfinished surfaces, no excessive graining and no extra facets.

Culet: Must be rated as none to very small.

Once the universe of diamonds that may be used in the standardizedbasket have been culled using the above identified gemologicalstandards, all of the diamonds will also be subject to the followingoptical requirements:

First, the diamonds must undergo a direct measurement of LightPerformance. Using a Gemex Light Performance analysis or similar lightperformance analysis the diamonds must score “High” or better on WhiteLight, Color Light and Scintillation. Gemex Light Performance is aproprietary system of optical analysis owned by Gemex Systems Inc. thatis generally known in the industry. A sample analysis is illustrated inFIG. 2.

In addition, each diamond must meet the standard for optical symmetry.Each diamond must have excellent optical symmetry denoted by a “Heartsand Arrows” pattern when viewed through a Hearts and Arrow viewer. FIGS.3A and 3B illustrate the Hearts and Arrows that appear in a diamond thatpasses the optical symmetry analysis. FIGS. 4A and 4B illustratediamonds with identically graded gemological characteristics that do notmeet the Hearts and Arrows test. Hearts are visible when viewing thediamond from its point down. Arrows are visible when viewing the gemdiamond from its top down to the point. There is a significantdifference between lab graded symmetry and optical symmetry that resultsin Hearts and Arrows. The Symmetry grade on a diamond's laboratoryreport only refers to external meet point symmetry (facet junctionsmeeting equally) and uniformity of the diamond's external shape. OpticalSymmetry, on the other hand, is the type of symmetry that is seenthrough a Hearts and Arrows viewer (both crown and pavilion views) or anideal-scope/ASET image (crown view). Optical Symmetry is the observableresult of how the diamond's facets physically align with each otherinternally, and how light reflects inside the diamond. There are somegrading systems that use the term optical symmetry as relating toexternal meet point symmetry only. Meet point symmetry is external andchecks only junctions and crown/pavilion relations. This means a diamondcan receive a grade of “Ideal” or “Excellent,” but still have indexingissues, facet tilt, or yaw and extreme variations in angle measurements.These flaws are detected and diamonds are therefore eliminated using thepresent inventive method. Diamonds with this type of optical symmetrygrading would not meet the requirement of the present invention.

Diamonds must also meet a light leakage requirement. To do so, thediamonds must have less than 20% blatant light leakage under Light PathScope or Firescope inspection, sometimes referred to as reflectortechnology which is well known in the industry.

In addition, in the preferred embodiment, it is desirable although notabsolutely required that the diamonds include Certificate of Warranties;Kimberly Process; and all vendors must certify that all diamondssupplied have non-conflict origins.

All diamonds supplied by all vendors must go through rigorous qualitycontrol inspections to insure that all requirement identified above havebeen met. Upon satisfactory approval in the preferred embodiment, alldiamonds may be laser inscribed on their girdle “trading approved” orsimilar logo or seal such as GIGS™ (Global Investment Grade Standard™)along with an identification serial number for authentificationpurposes. Then they can be released to the market for trading purposes.It should be understood that while inscription is preferred, it is notnecessary in order to be within the spirit and scope of the describedinvention.

As a result, all natural polished diamonds that conform to theclassification of all the gemological and optical standards above areoptically, aesthetically, technically and gemologically consistent(standardized). Even though each diamond is unique, the differences thatseparates them after having met the above gemological and opticalstandards are so minute that the very slight differences among them donot have any commercial significance nor monetary impact. Therefore, alldiamonds that fall under a specific weight classification using theprocess described above are virtually indistinguishable in thecommercial sense which enables them to be globally fungible and thusstandardized. Just like coffee beans and soy beans where no soybean isexactly the same from nature, but can be grouped in terms of quality orgraded for trading purposes, these diamonds can now be grouped togetherand traded.

While the diamonds that meet the requirements above are all capable ofbeing used in a standardized basket, in the preferred embodiment of thepresent invention, the selection of diamonds are limited further. Anexample of how the diamonds can be limited further due to market factorsis explained below.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are a sampling of commercially available diamonds thatmeet the gemological standards and the objective optical standards. Fromleft to right for each carat weight diamond grouping, the sampling isbroken down into the number of diamonds that fall within each color andclarity grouping. The next column to the right breaks the number of eachdiamond that fall into a particular grouping by color and clarity into apercentage of the whole sample. The blue and yellow shadings representgenerally the most commercially available size categories. The thirdcolumn illustrates the diamonds selected to be included in thestandardized basket of diamonds. The fourth column in the seriesrepresents the dollar per carat weight value for each diamond that fallsinto the particular grouping based on clarity and color. The finalcolumn represents an approximation of the dollar value of each diamondselected to be included in the basket as well as a total value, caratweight and diamond quantity for each carat weight grouping (“Bundle”).In the examples in FIGS. 5 and 6, the basket is made up of 60 diamonds;however, any number of diamonds may be used to create a standardizedbasket depending on the overall desired value of the basket.

The primary objective is to achieve the maximum degree of fungibilitythat is acceptable for commercial commodity and financial trading ofdiamonds and requires the minimum effort for global diamondmanufacturers to supply.

The first criterion considered in creating the exemplary standardizedbasket was weight class. Selection for the exemplary diamond basket wasbased on the 6 most commercially available size categories. Thus, themost abundant gems in supply are selected. Diamonds larger than thelargest weight class of 2 ct are too scarce and too few. Diamondssmaller than 0.5 ct have a perception as being too small to beInvestable Grade and more difficult to manage. Despite the perception asbeing too small, it is possible to use these sizes for purposes of theinvention and for trading purposes because of the abundance of itssupply. In addition, it would be within the spirit of the invention tohave a basket that included very large diamonds, however, the supplywould be limited.

The second criterion used in creating the exemplary standardized basketwere quality color and clarity. The grouping of diamonds based on colorquality and clarity was selected based on the most available ofcombinations so that the supply of diamonds is most available to satisfythe completion of the Diamond basket. Extremely rare combinations suchas D Internally Flawless, DVVS1 and EVVS1 are excluded from thisexemplary diamond basket (preferred embodiment) due to their limitedavailability. It should be understood that one using the describedinvention can create a Specialized Diamond Basket to trade these rarestones on a limited volume basis as well.

The next criterion used was cut and optical selection. This was alreadyset to optimal standard according to the optical, proportion, finish,light performance and gemological requirements. Every diamond that is apart of the basket will conform to the defined cut standard. Therefore,all polished diamonds in the basket will exhibit such extreme similarlight behavior and appearances that will render those having similargemological pedigree with extraordinary homogeneity. Thus, by using themethod described herein, a standardized fungible basket of diamonds hasbeen created that can be traded in conjunction with financialinstruments such as futures contracts, options, ETF much like corn oroil or other commodities are traded.

It is recognized that creating baskets with identically rated stones ineach weight class may be difficult depending upon the commercial supplyof diamonds or the increased expense of locating each particular size.For example a particular weight and particular color and clarity diamondthat is part of the basket may turn out to be in short supply at adiamond supplier. As a result, an alternative embodiment of thestandardized basket of diamonds could utilize diamonds that meet all therequirements of the method of the present invention, but that can appearslightly different due to its intrinsic color because its monetary valueis equivalent to others in the unit.

Today, diamond values are set according to its 4C's. This allowsdiamonds of different Color, Clarity, Cut and Carat weight combinationto arrive at equal monetary value. As an alternative to the standardizedbasket process identified above with respect to FIGS. 5 and 6, a valueequivalent bundling scheme may be used. In the “Bundling” scheme,diamonds that have different color, clarity, carat weight but verysimilar monetary value can be bundled together so that they can be usedinterchangeability to fulfill the standardized diamond basket. Thistechnique will substantially diminish the risk of running out of stockto fill creation orders. Within this scheme, a majority of the diamondswill visually appear the same to the ordinary person. This scheme alsoallows a more even spread of demand over a much broader range of color,clarity weight combination thus limiting a spike in value for anyparticular combination.

The requirement necessary for using the value equivalent bundle methodinclude:

-   -   1. All diamond must be delivered at the minimum weight or        higher;    -   2. All diamonds must be delivered at the set bundle color and        clarity standard or higher (i.e., the previously described        gemological and optical standards); and    -   3. All diamonds within the bundle must be valued in total no        less than the set bundle value but can be higher.

Described below is an exemplary value equivalent bundle created usingthe following criteria:

-   -   1) Standardized basket=Creation Unit;    -   2) Each Creation unit is composed of 6 weight classes;    -   3) Each weight class is composed of specified Bundles of        diamonds;    -   4) Each Bundle is created on a value equivalent concept;    -   5) Creation Unit minimum weight is 21.40 ct; and    -   6) Creation Unit=20 Diamonds or Pieces (PCs) Total.

Described below is the preferred make up of diamonds in each weightclass for a basket of diamonds.

Weight Range Number of Pieces Total Weight Per Weight Class Per ClassPer Class Quality Per Weight Class Per Bundle .50-.059 ct 3 PCs 1.50 ctBundle A. GVS1(39.4) = 1 PC Bundle B. HVS1(33.5) = 1 PC Bundle C.HVS2(29.25) = 1 PC .70-0.83 ct 4 PCs 2.80 ct Bundle A. FVS2(48.8) = I PCBundle B. HVS2(42.8) = 2 PC Bundle C. IVS2(37.8) = I PC 1.00-1.19 ct 5PCs 5.00 ct Bundle A. GVS1(79) = 1 PC Bundle B. HVS2(62) = 1 PC BundleC. IVS1(57) = 1 PC Bundle D. GVS2(72) = 2 PC 1.20-1.49 ct 3 PCs 3.60 ctBundle A. GVS1(80) Bundle B. HVS2(62) Bundle C. GVS2(72) Bundle D.IVS1(57) Options will be given for difficult sizes Option #1—1 PC @ fromBundle A, B, C with no pairing option Group value = 256.8 Option #2—2 PCfrom Bundle C with pairing option and 1 PC from Bundle D with minimumweight of each stone 1.25 ct. Group value 251.25 (1.03 premiumadjustment for size) 1.5-1.75 ct 3 PCs 4.50 ct Bundle A HSI1(74) = 1 PCBundle B GVS2(96) = 1 PC Bundle C FVS1(11.7) = 1 PC 2.00-2.39 ct 2 PCs4.00 ct Bundle A HVS1(12.3) = 2 PC or Bundle B GVS2(15.1) = 1 PCIVS1(10.2) + 1 PC GVS2(15.1) Totals = 20 PCs  21.40 ct min.The number in the parenthetical represents a dollar per carat weightvalue.

In this example, total carat weight is selected as 21.40 ct. min. Thecalculation is set forth below:

Number of weight classes—6 in total: 0.50-0.59, 0.70-0.83 ct, 1.00-1.19,1.20-1.49, 1.5-1.75, 2.00-2.39 ct.

Specific number of stones per class- 0.50-0.059 ct-3 PCs, 0.70-0.83 ct-4PCs, 1.00-1.19-5 PCs, 1.20-1.49-3 PCs, 1.5-1.753 PCs, 2.00-2.39 ct-2PCs.

Weight per weight class—0.50-0.059 ct-3 PCs-1.50 ct.

Weight per weight class—0.70-0.83 ct-4 PCs-2.80 ct.

Weight per weight class—1.00-1.19 ct-5 PCs-5.00 ct.

Weight per weight class—1.20-1.49 ct-3 PCs-3.60 ct.

Weight per weight class—1.5-1.75 ct-3 PCs-4.50 ct.

Weight per weight class—2.00-2.39 ct-2 PCs-4.00 ct.

Grand Total=21.40 ct min.

In this example, every basket must weigh at least the minimum assuredamount in total and in every weight class. Every basket can exceed theweight amount but cannot be less. The number of stones in each class isa constant and the total number of stones is also a constant (now set at20 for the preferred embodiment, but other baskets may be made with adifferent number of stones. For example, you could have 40-stonestandardized baskets).

Based on the bundle system, a value equivalent concept, diamond(s) withdifferent gemological ratings in color and clarity (but which still meetthe requirements of the inventive process) that have very similarmonetary value, can be grouped in a single bundle. A unification ofvalue for the diamonds over a range of quality and size will occurthrough actual large volume traded transactions. Those classified underthis value bundle can be used interchangeably to satisfy therequirements of the basket. Certified vendors can provide any qualitythat is value higher than the bundle minimum value but never lower tocomplete unit.

Identified below are exemplary selections of diamonds for each weightclass. Thus, looking at the ½ carat size weight class, under thepreferred method, Bundle A would include a GVS1 (39.4) diamond. However,if that particular diamond meeting all the requirements of the presentmethod is not available any of the following diamonds meeting all of therequirements of the inventive method: DVS2(41), EVS2(38), FVS1(40),GVS1(38) or HVVS1(40) may be substituted for the GVS1(39.4) diamondbecause they have an equivalent monetary value. The table below providesan example of value equivalent diamonds for each weight class that maybe substituted to create a standardized basket.

½ Carat Size Weight Class Component Investable Grade Basket

-   -   Size Range=0.50-0.59 ct. Average minimum size=0.50.    -   Quantity=3 pc. Total weight=1.50 ct.    -   Bundle A. GVS1(39.4)=DVS2(41), EVS2(38), FVS1(40), GVS1(38),        HVVS1(40).    -   Bundle B. HVS1(33.5)=DSI1(35), GVS2(33), HVS1(33), IVVS1(33).    -   Bundle C. HVS2(29.25)=ESI1(32), FSI1(29), IVVS2(30), HVS2(29),        JIF(29).    -   Bundle GVS1=1 PC    -   Bundle HVS1=1 PC    -   Bundle HVS2=1 PC    -   *any diamond that is rating higher than the minimum requirement        can be use as a substitute    -   **any diamond heavier than the required minimum weight can be        use as a substitute

¾ Carat Size Weight Class Component Investable Grade Basket

-   -   Size Range=0.70-0.83 ct. Minimum size=0.70 ct.    -   Quantity=4 pc. Total weight=2.80 ct.    -   Bundle A. FVS2(48.8)=FVS2(47), EVS2(50), FVS1(51), GVS1(47),        HVVS1(49), GVVS2(51), DSI1 (47).    -   Bundle B. HVS2(42.8)=ESI1(45), FSI1(42), GVS2(44), HVS1(42),        HVS2(40), HVVS2(45), IVVS1(42).    -   Bundle C. IVS2(37.8)=IVS2(36), IVS1(38), IVVS2(40), GSI1(39),        HSI1(36).    -   Bundle FVS2=1 PC    -   Bundle HVS2=2 PC    -   Bundle IVS2=1 PC    -   *any diamond that is rating higher than the minimum requirement        can be use as a substitute    -   **any diamond heavier than the required minimum weight can be        use as a substitute

1 Carat Size Weight Class Component Investable Grade Creation Unit

-   -   Size Range=1.00-1.19 ct. Minimum size=1.00 ct.    -   Quantity=5 pc. Total weight=5.00 ct.    -   Bundle A. GVS1(79)=EVS2(80), FVS2(77), GVS1(80), HIF(79).    -   Bundle B. HVS2(62)=FSI1(63), IVVS2(62), HVS2(62).    -   Bundle C. IVS1(57)=HSI1(57), JIF(57), IVS1(57), GSI1(59).    -   Bundle D. GVS2(72)=GVS2(72), HVVS2 (72), DVS1(99) +JVS2(47),        DVS1(99)+ISI1(50) or EVS1(92)+IVS2(53), DSI1 1.03 ct or greater        in weight.    -   Bundle A GVS1(80)=1 PC Group value=68.6×5.00 ct=343 min    -   Bundle B. HVS2(62)=1 PC    -   Bundle C. IVS1(57)=1 PC    -   Bundle D. GVS2(72)=2 PC    -   *any diamond that is rating higher than the minimum requirement        can be use as a substitute    -   **any diamond heavier than the required minimum weight can be        use as a substitute    -   ***weight can be use to balance value

1.20 Carat Size Weight Class Component Investable Grade Basket

-   -   Size Range=1.20-1.49 ct. Average minimum size=1.20 ct @        Quantity=3 pc. Total weight=3.60 ct.    -   Bundle A. GVS1(80)=EVS2(80), FVS2(77), GVS1(80), HIF(79)    -   Bundle B. HVS2(62)=FSI1(63), IVVS2(62), HVS2(62)    -   Bundle C. GVS2(72)=GVS2(72), HVVS2 (72), DVS 1(99)        +JVS2(47),DVS1(99)+ISI1(50) or EVS1(92)+IVS2(53), DSI1(70) 1.25        ct or greater in weight Bundle D. IVS1(57)=HSI1 (57), JIF (57),        IVS1(57),GSI1(59)    -   *any diamond that is rating higher than the minimum requirement        can be use as a substitute    -   **any diamond heavier than the required minimum weight can be        use as a substitute    -   Options will be given for difficult sizes    -   Option #1—1 PC@from Bundle A, B, C (no pairing option) Group        value=256.8    -   Option #2—2 PC from Bundle C with pairing option and 1 PC from        Bundle D with minimum weight of each stone 1.25 ct. Group value        251.25 (1.03 premium adjustment for size)

1.50 Carat Size Weight Class Component Investable Grade Basket

-   -   Size Range=1.50-1.75 ct. Average minimum size=1.50 ct        @Quantity=3 pc. Total weight=4.5 ct.    -   Bundle HSI1(74)=HSI 1(74), IVS2(70)***, IVS1 (77),        JVVS1(70),JVVS2(6700), JIF(73)    -   Bundle GVS2(96)=GVS2(96), DSI1 (95),HVVS1(96), ESI1(92) ***,        FSI1(87)***, HVVS2(92)***, HVS1(86)***    -   Bundle FVS1(11.7)=FVS1(11.7), DVS2(11.4)***, EVS2(10.9)***,        FVS2(10.4)***, GVS1(10.5)***, GVVS2(11.3)***, GVVS1(11.8)***    -   Bundle HSI1(74)=1 PC Group value=817.65    -   Bundle GVS2(96)=1 PC    -   Bundle FVS1(117)=1 PC    -   *any diamond that is rating higher than the minimum requirement        can be use as a substitute    -   **any diamond heavier than the required minimum weight can be        use as a substitute    -   ***weight can be use to balance value

2.00 Carat Size Weight Class Component Investable Grade Basket

-   -   Size Range=2.00-2.39 ct. Average minimum size=2.00 ct        @Quantity=2 PCs. Total weight=4 ct.    -   Bundle IVS1(10.2)=IVS1(10.2), HSI1(10), IVS2(94)***,        ISI1(87)***, JIF(95)***, JVVS1(91)***    -   Bundle HVS1(12.3)=HVS1(12.3), HVS2(11.5)***, GSI1(11.2)***,        FSI1(11.9)***, ESI1(12.3), IIF(11.6)***, IVVS1(11.3)***    -   Bundle GVS2(15.1)=GVS2(13.9), GVS1(15.2), GVVS2(15.8), FVS2(15),        EVS2(15.4), DVS2(16), HIF(14.8)    -   Bundle A. HVS1(12.3)=2 PC or    -   Bundle B. 1 PC IVS1(10.2)+1 PC GVS2(15.1)    -   ***weight can be use to balance value

FIGS. 8A-C illustrate an exemplary basket made using the inventivemethod. In this example, the basket of diamonds have a cumulative valueof approximate $174,000 or greater than $150,000. In addition, it ispreferred that each standardized basket include 20 diamonds. It isexpected that the total carat weight of each Basket will be a minimum of21.40 carats. It should be understood that Baskets with a differentstated number of diamonds and carat weight can be created using theinventive method described herein. It should also be understood thatdifferent classifications of diamonds and carat weight may be used tocreate Baskets that are within the spirit and scope of the describedinvention.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the standardized basketof diamonds may be used to create an Exchange-Traded Fund. It isexpected that the standardized basket of diamonds can be used to createan Exchange-Traded Fund based on the basket of diamonds. (It should beunderstood that various ETF's may be created utilizing the differentstandardized baskets that are created using the inventive methodspreviously described. It should also be understood that the example isdirected to an ETF based on a basket of diamonds, but that the ETF maybe based on a basket of other gem stones or any combination thereof.) Inthis invention, the basket of diamonds is deposited with one or morecustodians in exchange for a creation unit. The creation unit representsa plurality of shares of the Fund. In the preferred embodiment thenumber of shares in the creation unit is 20,000 shares. The number ofshares of the creation unit can be selected to be any number, and may beselected to be more or less than 20,000 depending on the value of thecreation unit and the target price range at which an individual share isexpected to be sold.

The creation unit (i.e., the 20,000 shares) is provided to an AuthorizedParticipant who may then sell the shares to clients and customers as aninvestment vehicle. The creation unit (i.e., all 20,000 shares) isredeemable for an amount of the commodity (i.e., the basket of diamondsand cash component) equal to the net asset value (“NAV”) of the creationunit.

It is expected in the preferred embodiment of the invention that a Trustwill issue GemShares (Shares) which represent units of fractionalundivided beneficial interest in and ownership of the Trust. The Trustholds diamonds and is expected from time to time to issue Stock inexchange for deposits of diamond baskets and cash and to distributediamond baskets and cash with redemption of Stock. In the preferredembodiment, a Creation Unit is a block of shares. As noted above, thenumber of shares in a Creation Unit may be determined by the Trustee.The Trust will issue and redeem Creation Units to certain AuthorizedParticipants on an ongoing basis. Creation Units will be offeredcontinuously at the NAV for shares on the day that an order to create aCreation Unit is accepted by the Trustee. The shares may be traded onany regulated exchange authorized by the Trust to trade the funds.

In the normal set up of a Grantor Trust of the type described herein,there is a Sponsor, Trustee, Custodian and, in some instances, aMarketing agent. It should be understood that a Grantor Trust is onlyone way in which the ETF would be marketed and sold. Other well-knownformats or structures may be used, such as, by way of example, PubliclyTraded Partnership or a 1940 Act structure.

The Sponsor is responsible for establishing the Trust and for theregistration of the Shares. The Sponsor will generally oversee theperformance of the Trustee and Trust's principal service providers, butwill not exercise day-to-day oversight over the Trustee and such serviceproviders.

The Trustee is generally responsible for the day-to-day administrationof the Trust. That includes accessing interest from the cash componentof the Creation Units to pay the Trust expenses; calculating the NAV ofthe Trust and the NAV per share (see below for the proprietary algorithmused to calculate the NAV); receiving and processing orders fromAuthorized Participants to create and redeem Creation Units;coordinating the processing of such orders with the Custodian and theDepository Trust Company (“DTC”); and monitoring the Custodian.

The Custodian is responsible for the safekeeping of the Trust's diamondand cash collection deposited with it by Authorized Participants inconnection with the creation of Baskets. The Custodian also facilitatesthe transfer of diamonds and cash in and out of the Trust throughdiamond accounts it will maintain for Authorized Participants and theTrust.

The Marketing Agent will assist the Sponsor in developing a marketingplan for the Trust on an ongoing basis; preparing marketing materialsregarding the Shares, executing the marketing plan for the Trust,providing market research in respect of diamonds, and reviewing theperformance of the Trust. A description and flow chart of the Trust andthe transactions associated with the sale and creation of the ETF isdepicted in FIG. 7.

The diamond ETF would generally operate as follows:

When the Authorized Participant sees the demand from the market for morecreation units the Authorized Participant will contact the Trustee anddeposit cash to cover acquisition of a diamond basket and an additionalspecified cash component for the interest income component.

The Trustee will then contact the Certification Agent who will contactan Approved Wholesaler from the network of Approved Wholesalers. TheApproved Wholesalers will deliver a certified Gem Diamond basket to theCertification Agent based on the Standard and will be paid by theTrustee.

The Certification Agent will again check that all Gem Diamonds meet theStandard. The certification Agent will deliver the certified Gem Diamondbasket to the Trustee.

The Trustee will then issue ETF shares to the Authorized Participant.The Trustee will hold the Gem Diamonds and the cash component that makeup each ETF creation unit.

The investment objective of the Trust is for the Shares to reflect theperformance of the price of a standardized basket of diamonds, less theTrust's expenses plus interest. For many investors, the Shares willrepresent a cost effective investment relative to traditional means ofinvesting in diamonds. As the value of the Shares is tied to the valueof the diamonds held by the Trust, it is important in understanding theinvestment attributes of the Shares. The Shares are intended to offerinvestors a new and different opportunity to participate in the diamondmarket through an investment in a regulated securities market.Historically, the logistics of buying, storing and insuring diamondshave constituted a barrier to entry for institutional and retailinvestors alike. The Shares are intended to overcome these barriers toentry. The logistics of storing, insuring and evaluating the diamondsare dealt with by the Trustee and the related expenses are built intothe price of the Shares.

The diamond collections are composed of diamonds that meet thegemological and optical standards described previously and cash. Thecash component can be invested in a bank instrument such as a moneymarket fund, or other interest bearing accounts. Keeping with the spiritof the invention, the cash component may be any amount. The purpose ofthe cash component is to provide interest to cover the expenses of theTrust and possibly provide dividends.

It should be understood that future contracts and options based on thestandardized diamond Basket made in accordance with the methodsdescribed above are part of the invention. It should be understood thatthe ETF may also be structured based on the futures contracts. Futurecontracts on the diamond Baskets may be traded on exchanges such as theChicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”). Likewise, options for standardizeddiamond Baskets may be traded, for example, on the Chicago Board ofOption Exchange (“CBOE”).

The algorithm for the calculation of the diamond ETF intraday pricingand net asset value daily closing price will be based on a synergisticblend of a weighted average of the bid/offer midpoint of the most activefront month diamond futures contract price, interest generated on a cashinvestment, the price demand for collection of diamonds meetingGemShares investment grade trading standards for natural polisheddiamonds designated specifications less fund expenses. The exemplarycalculation process described herein references a 100 carat Basket. Itshould be understood that the calculation process described herein isapplicable to any size standardized basket of diamonds that may becreated using the inventive method described herein.

The diamond ETF net asset value pricing will be fixed Monday throughFriday at 4:15 PM EST to be used as a reference point for new Creationand Redemption.

The diamond ETF pricing will be available during the market hours of thelisted exchange. An example of the diamond ETF intraday pricing and netasset value daily closing price algorithm is described below:

Intraday Pricing=NAV=X ₀(Y ₀)+X ₁(Y ₁)+FI−FE

where

Intraday Pricing=Price of diamond ETF generated throughout the tradingsession.

NAV=Price of diamond ETF generated at the end of trading session.

-   -   X₀=calculation of the cash price from the futures price

X ₀ =X _(f)/[1+r(t/365)]

-   -   X_(f)=most active front month futures contract price    -   r=current short term 30 day interest rates    -   t=number of days between futures trading date and futures expiry        date

X₁=price for collection of diamonds meeting GemShare investment gradetrading standards for natural polished diamonds specifications

Y_(0 . . .) =Weighting factor

FI=Fund Interest Income on US dollar cash deposit calculated on a dailybasis

FE=Fund Expenses calculated on a daily basis

X₀=calculation of the cash price from the futures price

Calculate the diamond ETF price from the futures price on 31 Jan. 2008using the March contract (expiry date Mar. 16, 2008)*.

-   -   The following information is applicable:    -   X_(f)=most active front month futures contract price=4,932.89*    -   r=domestic short term 30 day interest rates=3.50%*

Futures trading date=Jan. 18, 2008*

Futures expiry date=Mar. 27, 2008*

-   -   t=number of days between futures trading date and futures expiry        date=70    -   Thus the cash price from the futures price will be:

X ₀ =X _(f)/[1+r(t/365)]

X ₀=4,932.89*/[1+(0.035×70/365)]

X ₀=4,932.89*/[1+(0.035×0.1918)]

X ₀=4,932.89*/[1+(0.006713)]

X ₀=4,932.89*/[1.006713]

X₀=4,899.99*

X₁=price for collection of diamonds meeting Gem Share investment gradetrading standards for natural polished diamonds specifications

Y_(0 . . .) =Weighting factors will be evaluated on a quarterly basis oras determined by the investment advisor. Weighting Factor Calculation:

Diamond futures contract size=100 Carats*

Diamond futures front month March contract average price for Jan. 1stthru 31st, 2008=4,900.00*

Diamond futures March contract average USD value for January2008=contract size (average price)=100(4,899.99)=$489,999.00

-   -   Diamond futures March contract volume for 31 days in        January=50,000* contracts

Diamond  futures  average  daily  dollar  value  for  January = March  contract  average  USD  value  for  January  2008  (contract  volume)(percentage  of  contracts  delivered-assume  1/2%) = $489, 999.00(50, 000)(.005) = $122, 499, 750^(*)Diamond  futures  Average  daily  dollar  value = Diamond  futures  total  dollar  value  for  January/31  Days = $122, 499, 750/31  Days = $3, 951, 604  per  day^(*)

Diamond cash market estimated dailyvalue=$65,000,000,000/year*/365=$178,082,192/day

Weighting  Factor  for  Diamond  Futures  Calculation = Diamond  Futures  daily  value/Diamond  cash  daily  value = $3, 951, 604  per  day^(*)/$178, 082, 192/day = 0.22

Y₀=0.022 Weighting Factor for Diamond Futures

Y₁=0.978 Weighting Factor for Diamond cash market 1.000

FI = Fund  Interest  Income  on  US  dollar  cash  deposit  calculated  on  a  daily  basis = Assume  interest = 3.50%/year = Interest  Income = 3.50%/365 = $.009589  interest  income/day = $.009589  interest  income/day     FE = Fund  Expenses  on  a  daily  basis

Intraday Pricing=NAV=X ₀(Y ₀)+X ₁(Y ₁)+FI−FE

Intraday Pricing=NAV=(Futures)(Weighting Factor)+(Cash)(WeightingFactor)+Fund Income−Fund Expenses

IntradayPricing=NAV=($489,999.00)(0.022)+(500,000.00)(0.978)+0.009589−0.000015

Intraday Pricing=NAV=$10,779.98+$489,000.00+0.009589−0.000015

Intraday Pricing=NAV=$499,779.99

An example of a base share price calculation is illustrated below. Theprice demand for collection of 100 Carats + or −9 points diamondsmeeting GEMEX and GIA designated specifications brought to Trustee forunit creation.

Intraday Pricing=NAV=$499,779.99*

Intraday Pricing=NAV/20,000 shares

Intraday Pricing=$499,779.99*/20,000 shares=$24.99/share*

It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the diamondbaskets made in accordance with the present invention constitute anindex such that it may be used in conjunction with a futures contract.For example, in the stock market, an index is a device that measureschanges in the prices of a basket of shares, and represents the changeusing a single figure. Here, instead of shares, the basket is made up ofa series of different sized diamonds selected by the inventive process.In this regard, the value of the basket of diamonds is the index and isintended to be reflective of the overall diamond market for investmentgrade diamonds. It should also be understood that although the exampleof the index is described in terms of a basket of diamonds, other gemsmay also be used to create indices and benchmarks.

An example of a diamond futures pricing algorithm and pricingcalculation are described below. The algorithm for the calculation ofthe GemShares Diamond Index pricing is based on a arithmetic sum of astandardized gem diamond basket as previously defined in this patentapplication.

Diamond Futures Index Pricing=X_(f)=X₀[1+r(t/365)]

whereX_(f)=most active front month futures contract priceX₀=calculation of the cash price from the sum of GemShares Diamond Indexcomponent diamonds meeting investment grade trading standards fornatural polished diamondsr=current short term 30 day interest ratest=number of days between futures trading date and futures expiry date

Example Calculate the GemShares diamond futures price from the GemSharesDiamond Index cash price on 31 Jan. 2008 assuming a March futurescontract (expiry date Mar. 27, 2008)*.

X _(f) =X ₀[1+r(t/365)]

X₀=calculation of the cash price sum of the Diamond Index componentdiamonds

X₀=$49,955 (see Table 1 below)*

The following information is applicable:

r=domestic short term 30 day interest rates=3.50%*

-   -   Futures trading date=Jan. 18, 2008*    -   Futures expiry date=Mar. 27, 2008*

t=number of days between futures trading date and futures expiry date=70

Thus the futures price will be:

X _(f) =X ₀[1+r(t/365)]

X _(f)=49,955*[1+(0.035×70/365)]

X _(f)=49,955*[1+(0.035×0.1918)]

X _(f)=49,955*[1+(0.006713)]

X _(f)=49,955*[1.006713]

X _(f)=50,290.35*

TABLE 1 Example Diamond Index component diamonds Qty Weight Value*Weight Class I Bundle A 1 0.53 2,279 Bundle B 1 0.55 1,980 Bundle C 10.52 1,716 Class Total 3 1.60 5,975 Weight Class II Bundle A 1 0.733,942 Bundle B 2 1.46 6,716 Bundle C 1 0.77 3,157 Class Total 4 2.9613,815 Weight Class III Bundle A 1 1.01 7,777 Bundle B 1 1.02 8,874Bundle C 1 1.03 7,004 Bundle D 1 1.05 6,510 Class Total 4 4.11 30,165Grant Total 11 8.67 49,955 *Value is based on the current diamondwholesale trading system and does not necessarily include a cashcomponent

A diamonds futures deliverable using the standardized basket of thepresent invention would operate as follows:

The Certifying Agent checks for available “ready to trade inventory”with all Supplying Agents via real time data bases submitted bySupplying Agents through the Internet or other information technologyplatforms.

The Certifying Agent will deploy a range of highly efficient inventoryprocurement protocols to ensure the quickest and the most reliableassembly of components needed for the creation of a Diamond Basket. TheCertifying Agent will have the option and discretion to either selectall components of a basket from one Supplying Agent or several SupplyingAgents.

A Supply Agent is an entity that provides the Certifying Agent withnatural or synthetic diamonds that conform to the gemological,proportional, optical and institutional standards that are required forcommodity trading purposes as described herein.

There are three basic types of Supplying Agents: TraditionalWholesales/Manufacturers—Diamond wholesalers/manufacturers that havebeen in the business of cutting and polishing diamonds for the currentdiamond market place. Typical delivery cycle from rough to finish tocertification requires 60 to 90 days. Consolidators—Professionals thatcoordinate with networks of wholesalers/manufacturers to polish diamondsto the required standards for commodity trading purposes. WarehousingInvestors—Any approved entity that invests capital to secure “ready totrade” diamond baskets that have met all requirements that are necessaryfor immediate deployment to the Trustee. They can be traditionalwholesalers, manufacturers, sovereign states, miners or privateinvestors. All approved investors are required to conform to allregulations and laws that might apply to this form of investing.

Certifying Agent proceeds to secure inventory to fulfill the Trustee'sdiamond baskets order by placing orders with appropriate Supply Agents.

Supplying Agent will either cut or gather diamonds with the sizes,gemological, proportional, optical standards (GemEx, Light PathScope-leakage test, Hearts and Arrows-Optical symmetry) that willconform to the standards set for trading.

Supply Agent will proceed to Laser inscribe all diamonds with serialnumbers or “Global Investment Grade Standard (GIGS) Supplying Agentlogo” (for tracking purposes) that are approved by Supplying Agent toguarantee all require standards have been achieved.

All diamonds that will be submitted to the Certifying Agent must conformto all required standards and should have all official documentationthat are required for trading.

Certifying Agent performs Quality Inspection of all diamond basketsdelivered by Supply Agent

Items that a Certifying Agent must inspect and verify before releasingto Trustee

-   -   a. check carat weight    -   b. check laser inscriptions    -   c verify GIA certificate info and diamond plot    -   d. validate color and clarity rating    -   e. verify GemEx light performance data    -   f. verify Hearts and Arrows optical symmetry    -   g. verify Light leakage Quality

Certifying Agent must provide a stamp of approval that assures theTrustee that all components of the baskets are correct, verified andauthentic. This can be done with either a laser inscription or macropackaging document.

Certifying Agent must organize all documents and diamond baskets in aprofessional manner for Trustee to trade.

Certifying Agent must provide all tracking information required bysecurity laws to the Trustee.

Trustee/Custodian receives diamond basket order from Certifying Agentand performs final Quality Control verification.

Trustee/Custodian team performs the same quality control inspection asthe Certifying Agent.

Items that the Trustee must inspect and verify before releasing to theExchange

-   -   a. check carat weight    -   b. check laser inscriptions    -   c verify GIA certificate info and diamond plot    -   d. validate color and clarity rating    -   e. verify GemEx light performance data    -   f. verify Hearts and Arrows optical symmetry    -   g. verify Light leakage Quality

Upon Trustee's approval of the diamond basket the Trustee must affix itsstamp of approval on an inspection card/document on the approved date.Thus, the diamonds have proceeded through a triple verificationprocedure to insure compliance with the inventive process.

The diamond basket is now standardized, officially approved andcertified. It can remain with the Trustee/Custodian until release toExchanges for settlement/redemption delivery.

The following is an example of an estimated diamond futures contractcalculation:

Calculate the diamond futures price on 31 Jan. 2008 using the Marchcontract (expiry date Mar. 16, 2008).*

The following information is applicable:

X_(f)=most active front month futures contract price

r=domestic short term 30 day interest rates=3.50%*

-   -   Futures trading date=Jan. 18, 2008*    -   Futures expiry date=Mar. 27, 2008*

t=number of days between futures trading date and futures expiry date=70

X₀=cash price

Futures price X_(f) will be:

X _(f) =X ₀[1+r(t/365)]

X _(f)=4,899.99*[1+(0.035×70/365)]

X _(f)=4,899.99*[1+(0.035×0.1918)]

X _(f)=4,899.99*[1+(0.006713)]

X _(f)=4,899.99*[1.006713]

X _(f)=4,932.88*

*Assumptions

While the inventive concepts have been described with respect todiamonds, it should be understood that the inventive concepts andmethodologies are equally applicable to other gems such as rubies,emeralds, sapphires and in any combination. It should be understood thatother baskets can be created using greater or lesser Standardized WeightRange Classes as described above. One skilled in the art can easily usethe teachings and inventive concepts described herein to use gemologicaland optical standards to provide standardized baskets of otherinvestable grade gems. While the invention has been described andillustrated with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in theart will recognize that modifications and variations may be made withoutdeparting from the principles of the invention as described hereinaboveand set forth in the following claims.

1. A fungible basket of investment grade gems for use in conjunctionwith financial instruments comprising: a plurality of gems havingsimilar gemological characteristics within a range of predeterminedcriteria and similar optical characteristics within a range ofpredetermined criteria; said plurality of gems further being selectedfrom predetermined range of weight classifications, such that each gemwithin a predetermined weight classification has an equivalent monetaryvalue, wherein each fungible basket has an equivalent monetary valuewith other fungible baskets.
 2. The fungible basket of claim 1 whereinsaid gems are diamonds.
 3. The fungible basket of claim 2 wherein saidpredetermined gemological characteristics include predeterminedcharacteristics selected from the following: color, clarity, shape, cutgrade, general properties, finish polish, symmetry, fluorescence,surface characteristics and culet.
 4. The fungible basket of claim 3wherein said similar optical characteristics within a range ofpredetermined criteria includes each of said plurality of diamondshaving a score of high or better on white light, color light, andscintillation using a Gemex Light Performance analysis or similar lightperformance analysis, having optical symmetry as denoted by a hearts andarrow pattern when viewed through a hearts and arrow viewer, and haveless than 20% blatant light leakage under Light Path Scope or Firescopeinspection or other reflector technology inspection.
 5. The fungiblebasket of claim 4, wherein said predetermined range of weightclassifications is between about 0.5 to about 2.3 carats.
 6. Thefungible basket of claim 4, wherein said predetermined range of weightclassifications includes the following: about 0.50 to about 0.59 carats,about 0.70 to about 0.83 carats, about 1.0 to about 1.19 carats, about1.20 to about 1.49 carats, about 1.5 to about 1.75 carats and about 2.0to about 2.39 carats.
 7. A system for trading a collection of diamondsas part of a financial instrument comprising: a fungible collection ofgems having similar predetermined gemological characteristics andsimilar optical characteristics; said fungible collection of diamondsfurther being defined as part of a predetermined range of weightclasses; a financial instrument based upon the monetary value of saidfungible collection of diamonds; an exchange through which saidfinancial instrument may be purchased and sold, wherein said purchasesand sales of said financial instrument are tracked by the exchange tocalculate the intraday pricing of said financial instrument wherein theintraday pricing=NAV=Xo(Yo)X₁(Y(₁)+F1−FE.
 8. The system of claim 7,wherein said fungible collection of gems is diamonds.
 9. The fungiblecollection of gems of claim 8 wherein said predetermined gemologicalcharacteristics include predetermined gemological characteristicsselected from the following: color, clarity, shape, cut grade, generalproperties, finish polish, symmetry, fluorescence, surfacecharacteristics, and culet.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein saidpredetermined range of weight classes includes about 0.5 carats to about2.39 carats.
 11. The system of claim 9 wherein said financial instrumentincludes exchange traded funds, futures contracts, options, equities, orany other regulated or unregulated financial vehicle.
 12. A fungiblecollection of investment grade gems for use in conjunction withfinancial instruments comprising: a plurality of gems having similargemological characteristics within a range of predetermined criteria andsimilar optical characteristics within a range of predeterminedcriteria; said plurality of gems further being selected frompredetermined range of weight classifications, the collection of saidplurality of gems within a particular weight classification having anequivalent monetary value with similar collection of the plurality ofgems from a particular weight classification used to create otherfungible collections of investment grade gems.
 13. The fungible basketof claim 12 wherein said gems are diamonds.
 14. The fungible basket ofclaim 13 wherein said predetermined gemological characteristics includepredetermined characteristics selected from the following: color,clarity, shape, cut grade, general properties, finish polish, symmetry,fluorescence, surface characteristics and culet.
 15. The fungible basketof claim 14 wherein said similar optical characteristics within a rangeof predetermined criteria includes each of said plurality of diamondshaving a score of high or better on white light, color light, andscintillation using a Gemex Light Performance analysis or similar lightperformance analysis, having optical symmetry as denoted by a hearts andarrow pattern when viewed through a hearts and arrow viewer, and haveless than 20% blatant light leakage under Light Path Scope or Firescopeinspection or other reflector technology inspection.
 16. The fungiblebasket of claim 15, wherein said predetermined range of weightclassifications is between about 0.5 to about 2.3 carats.
 17. Thefungible basket of claim 15, wherein said predetermined range of weightclassifications includes the following: about 0.50 to about 0.59 carats,about 0.70 to about 0.83 carats, about 1.0 to about 1.19 carats, about1.20 to about 1.49 carats, about 1.5 to about 1.75 carats and about 2.0to about 2.39 carats.